Logo
Logo (wiki) is a computer programming language. Logo can be used by anyone as soon as anybody can read and write simple commands. So also at a rather young age the Logo turtle makes it possible to program a robot by a youngster. Way simpler then Lego for example.

http://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/

http://s4a.cat/

Ubuntu software centre installs KTurtle on my Laptop. It turns out that KTurtle does not support any hardware.